Hidden Harms: Poisoning and Medication Risks in the Elderly

Jeanna Marraffa, Pharm.D., MPH, DABAT, FAACT, Clinical Director, Upstate New York Poison Center; Clinical Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Upstate Medical University

Nicholas E. Nacca, MD FAACT FACMT, Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine, Director of Medical Toxicology, URMC

Geriatric patients are at increased risk for drug toxicity due to age-related changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, polypharmacy, and comorbid conditions. These factors can lead to both unintentional overdoses and heightened sensitivity to therapeutic doses of medications. Poison centers and toxicologists play a critical role in supporting the care of older adults by providing real-time, evidence-based guidance on medication exposures, drug interactions, and management of adverse effects. Their expertise helps clinicians optimize treatment decisions, reduce unnecessary hospitalizations, and improve patient safety outcomes in this vulnerable population.